OMIMOnlineMendelianInheritanceinManAll DatabasesPubMedNucleotideProteinGenomeStructurePMCTaxonomyOMIM SearchPubMedProteinNucleotideCoreNucleotideGSSESTStructureGenomeBooksCancerChromosomesConservedDomainsdbGaP3DDomainsGeneGenomeProjectGENSATGEOProfilesGEODataSetsHomoloGeneJournalsMeSHNCBIWebSiteNLMCatalogOMIAOMIMPMCPopSetProbeProteinClustersPubChemBioAssayPubChemCompoundPubChemSubstanceSNPTaxonomyToolKitUniGeneUniSTSLimitsPreview/IndexHistoryClipboardDetailsDisplayTitlesDetailedClinicalSynopsisAllelicVariantsASN1XMLLinkOutRelatedEntriesBookLinksGeneLinksGenomeLinksGEOProfileLinksHomoloGeneLinksNucleotideLinksOMIALinksPubChemBioAssayLinksPMCLinksProteinLinksPubMed(calculated)LinksPubMed(cited)LinksSNPLinksGeneGenotypeLinksStructureLinksUniGeneLinksUniSTSLinksShow5102050100200500SendtoTextFilePrinterClipboardAll1OMIMdbSNP0OMIMUniSTS0*107830LinksARGINASEIIARG2Genemaplocus14q241q243TEXTSpectoretal(1980)presentedevidencefortheexistenceof2arginasesTheonefoundinliverandredcells(ARG1608313)isseverelydeficientinargininemia(207800)Inpatientswiththisdisordersomeureaisproducedpresumablybecausethearginaseofkidneybrainandgastrointestinaltractislessaffected'livertype'enzymeconstitutesonlyabouthalftheenzymeinthesetissuesInargininemiakidneyenzymeisabout3timesnormalSpectoretal(19801983)demonstratedimmunologicdifferencesbetweenliverandkidneyenzymesbymeansofrabbitantihumanliverarginaseInadditiontotheimmunologicdifferencesanddifferencesintissuelocationthesecondenzymediffersinelectrophoreticmobilityinpolyacrylamidegelsinitsquantitativelydifferentrequirementfordivalentmanganeseactivationandinitsdifferentialinhibitionbyprolineandisoleucineitislocalizedtothemitochondrialmatrixwhereasarginaseIiscytoplasmicVockleyetal(1996)statedthatARG2maybeinducibleandmaybeessentialintheregulationofnitricoxidesynthesisbymodulatinglocalarginineconcentrationsGotohetal(1996)showedthatARG2mRNAandnitricoxidesynthase(NOS)mRNAwerecoinducedbylipopolysaccharideinamacrophagelikecelllineThiscoinductionwasenhancedbydexamethasoneanddibutyrylcAMPandwaspreventedbyinterferongamma(147570)Vockleyetal(1996)foundseveralESTdatabasesequenceswith40to60%homologytoARG1andusedthesesequencestoclonethehumanARG2genefromaJurkatcDNAlibraryTheARG2geneencodesa355aminoacidpolypeptideComparingtheaminoacidsequencesofARG1andARG2Vockleyetal(1996)noted6shortregionsof92%identityinconservedregionsandabout42%identitythroughouttheremainderofthesequencesUsingNorthernblottingandRTPCRVockleyetal(1996)foundthatARG2isexpressedasa15kbmRNAinawidevarietyoftissueswithhighestlevelsofexpressioninprostatebrainandkidneyTheauthorsalsoobserved2othertranscriptsof20and40kbexpressedinprostatetissueGotohetal(1996)clonedthehumanARG2geneTheynotedthatitcontainedamitochondrialimportsequenceandshowedthatintransfectedCOS7cellstheproteinisimportedintothemitochondriawithappropriateproteolysisMorrisetal(1997)foundthatthepredictedsequenceofhumantypeIIarginaseis58%identicaltothesequenceofhumantypeIarginasebutis71%identicaltothesequenceofXenopustypeIIarginasesuggestingthatduplicationofthearginasegeneoccurredbeforemammalsandamphibiansdivergedSevenresiduesknowntobeessentialforactivityareconservedinallarginasesTypeIIarginasemRNAwasdetectedinvirtuallyallhumanandmouseRNAsamplestestedwhereastypeIarginasemRNAwasfoundonlyinliverMorrisetal(1997)speculatedthatmultipletypeIIarginasemRNAsinhumansmayarisefromdifferentialRNAprocessingorusageofalternativepromotersByPCRanalysisofsomaticcellhybridpanelsfluorescenceinsituhybridizationandradiationhybridanalysisGotohetal(1997)mappedtheARG2geneto14q241q243InareviewanddiscussionofthehumanarginasesandarginasedeficiencyIyeretal(1998)providedabriefhistoryleadinguptothecloningoftheARG2geneTheypointedoutthatthemitochondriallocationofARG2anditscoinductionwithornithineaminotransferaseandinvolvementwithprolinebiosynthesisinlactatingratmammaryglandhadledtotheinferencethatARG2isinvolvedinbiosyntheticfunctionsasopposedtothemetaboliconesoftheureacycleThemanymetabolicfatesofarginineanditsimmediateproductornithinewerediagrammedintheirFigure4TheypresentedevidencefortheroleofARG2innitricoxideandpolyaminemetabolismREFERENCES1GotohTArakiMMoriMChromosomallocalizationofthehumanarginaseIIgeneandtissuedistributionofitsmRNABiochemBiophysResCommun2334874911997PubMedID91445632GotohTSonokiTNagasakiATeradaKTakiguchiMMoriMMolecularcloningofcDNAfornonhepaticmitochondrialarginase(arginaseII)andcomparisonofitsinductionwithnitricoxidesynthaseinamurinemacrophagelikecelllineFEBSLett3951191221996PubMedID88980773IyerRJenkinsonCPVockleyJGKernRMGrodyWWCederbaumSThehumanarginasesandarginasedeficiencyJInheritMetabDis21(suppl1)861001998PubMedID96863474MorrisSMJrBhamidipatiDKepkaLenhartDHumantypeIIarginasesequenceanalysisandtissuespecificexpressionGene1931571611997PubMedID92560725SpectorEBRiceSCHCederbaumSDEvidencefortwogenesencodinghumanarginase(Abstract)AmJHumGenet3255Aonly19806SpectorEBRiceSCHCederbaumSDImmunologicstudiesofarginaseintissuesofnormalhumanadultandarginasedeficientpatientsPediatRes179419441983PubMedID64191967VockleyJGJenkinsonCPShuklaHKernRMGrodyWWCederbaumSDCloningandcharacterizationofthehumantypeIIarginasegeneGenomics381181231996PubMedID8954792CONTRIBUTORSCarolABocchiniupdated4/5/1999VictorAMcKusickupdated9/3/1998VictorAMcKusickupdated10/31/1997JenniferPMackeupdated9/19/1997JenniferPMackeupdated7/14/1997CREATIONDATEVictorAMcKusick6/4/1986EDITHISTORYckniffin12/4/2003mgross4/7/1999carol4/5/1999alopez9/11/1998carol9/3/1998terry11/7/1997terry10/31/1997alopez9/24/1997alopez9/19/1997jenny9/2/1997jenny8/12/1997supermim3/16/1992carol8/23/1990supermim3/20/1990ddp10/26/1989carol3/1/1989marie3/25/1988Copyright©19662007JohnsHopkinsUniversityDisplayTitlesDetailedClinicalSynopsisAllelicVariantsASN1XMLLinkOutRelatedEntriesBookLinksGeneLinksGenomeLinksGEOProfileLinksHomoloGeneLinksNucleotideLinksOMIALinksPubChemBioAssayLinksPMCLinksProteinLinksPubMed(calculated)LinksPubMed(cited)LinksSNPLinksGeneGenotypeLinksStructureLinksUniGeneLinksUniSTSLinksShow5102050100200500SendtoTextFilePrinterClipboardDisclaimerWritetotheHelpDeskPrivacyPolicyNCBINLMNIH